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The languages
Ĉĵ

Esperanto

Esperanto

Writing system
Latin alphabet plus six accented letters (ĉ ĝ ĥ ĵ ŝ ŭ) — one letter, one sound
Family
Constructed language (1887) — Romance and Germanic vocabulary, regular grammar
Speakers
A few hundred thousand speakers, and around a thousand native ones
Greeting
Saluton

The threshold

En la mondon venis nova sento…
Into the world there came a new feeling…
Zamenhof, « La Espero » (1890)

What this language does

Sixteen rules, no exceptions, and a system of affixes that makes words on demand: from bona (good) come malbona (bad), boneco (goodness), plibonigi (to improve). You produce words you never learned and everyone understands them — no natural language allows that.

The untranslatable

krokodili

“To crocodile”: to speak your mother tongue in the middle of an Esperanto gathering. It took a constructed language to invent a verb for its own betrayal.

Hello

Saluton
in the accusative: not a word but the end of a sentence (“I wish you a greeting”)

Work in progress

The chapter that puts the book's thesis to the test. If a language shapes thought, what does a language built precisely to favour nobody shape? And can a language with no people and no territory produce literature? (It can — and we shall go and read it.)

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Each chapter ends with a conversation with someone who lives in the language.

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